The LORD's Prayer.
OUR Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory, forever. AMEN.
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One, two, three syllable lesson for children:
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The very first education laws were established in the state of Massachusetts known as the Massachusetts Education Laws of 1642 and 1647
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Early schools included the One Room School House, Dame Schools ran by women in the home, Latin Grammar Schools, the first college was Harvard College, Private Schools such as the Mennonites, the Swedes, Dutch and Jews in New York , and Plantation Owners hired Tutors in the South. None of these early schooling initiatives involved schooling African Slaves.
How did the Common School Movement promote universal education?
...Due to the prevail of leading educators of the 17th century who promoted that all students should be educated for both practical and idealistic purposes. These included promoters such as:
- Thomas Jefferson – who said education should be for common, white children, not just the elite.
- Benjamin Franklin - who said that education should extend beyond free elementary school to include the ACADEMY.
- Horace Mann – who introduced the idea of the public elementary school for all students – known as ‘the father of public education’ – helped to create the Massachusetts Board of Education
see the link on the Indian Removal - he was the voice of the Common People, the Poor Whites.
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The Federal Government's history of involvement with schools include:How did secondary schools evolve?
as the Gap between elementary and university education existed – secondary schools evolved first as tuition charging academies, creating Normal Schools for females who wanted to be teachers; Academies for boys wanting to go into the Military.
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The secondary school movement included:
The English Classical School [1821]– first free, secondary education school for working class boys in the U.S., in Boston, MA
Academies [1700-1800s] – some college prep, some business education
High Schools – free, public schools, supported by school taxes [see Kalamazoo, MI case of 1874 - The "Kalamazoo Case" became the rule of law throughout the nation, paving the way for the widespread acceptance of tax-supported high schools. The City of Kalamazoo opened a high school operated through tax support in 1859. In 1873, three owners of considerable downtown property filed a circuit court suit to prevent the township treasurer from collecting that portion of the school property tax intended for the support of the high school. In February 1874, the judge ruled in favor of the school board. The case was immediately appealed to the Michigan Supreme Court where it was upheld. ]
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How did teaching become a gendered career?
Early teaching was considered a ‘man’s job; per the Holy Bible: men worked outside the home; women took care of the inside of the home; men were considered the HEAD, after God, after Christ.
Education is STILL...
Gendered Male - early colonial days, men dominated the teaching field
Gendered Female – introduction of home Dame schools, where women taught students in their kitchens, homes;
introduction of common schools increased demand for women teachers, although preference for single, spinsters
Gendered Male – white women should be at home being mothers to continue the white race.
Gendered White Female – today 90% of teachers in the U.S. are white ---- 71% of the teachers are female
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What role has the Federal Government played in American Education?
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Jennifer Herring, PhD
This concludes the blog posting for Week 2 Chapter 7 - the History of American Education. You can return to Course Compass Blackboard for the posted reading excerpts.
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